- Abel, J., Hammer, A., Miller, N., West, K., & Koziura, M. (2018, April 12). Non-pharmacologic treatment methods for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [Poster presentation]. Student Scholars Symposium, Nashville, TN. Abstract
Psychotic symptoms, mood disorders, and other severe adverse effects are commonly seen in the use of Ritalin as a treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), as well as in other pharmacological methods of treatment. This literature review explores research articles defining the most successful non-pharmacological symptom management techniques for school-aged children, 5 to 18 years of age, diagnosed with ADHD. ADHD is a learning disorder that affects over 3.62% of males and 0.85% of females ages 5 to 15 years of age. The symptoms of ADHD include hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention and is often associated with other comorbid conditions like oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and anxiety disorders. In order to outline the most effective treatments, a literature review was conducted to examine studies found through the EBSCO database, CINHAL, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and Google Scholar pertaining to non-pharmacological treatment for ADHD. Upon critically appraising these studies, computer attention training to enhance focus, behavioral therapies and variations of diet, such as adding fatty acids and eliminating intake of certain dyes were determined effective non-pharmacological treatments.
- Brackett, D., Hedge, K., Moss, L., Wieneke, J., & Koziura, M. (2018, April 12). How does stem cell therapy affect the speed of wound healing and resultant tissue functionality in patients with partial to full-thickness burns? [Poster presentation]. Student Scholars Symposium, Nashville, TN. Abstract
The complexity of wound healing after partial- and full-thickness burn injury continues to challenge the medical community. Current treatment modalities, such as autologous skin grafts, are often prolonged, labor-intensive, and painful for the patient. In burn injuries with a large total body surface area (TBSA), donor sites are often limited. Furthermore, these skin grafts are often insufficient for comprehensive wound healing. Due to the current complexities of burn treatment, a review of the literature was conducted on emerging stem cell therapy as both an alternative and adjunct treatment. The keywords “burns” and “stem cell therapy” were utilized to generate results from the CINAHL database (30 results). The databases ScienceDirect and Geneva Free Medical Journals automatically populated related results. The literature suggests that mesenchymal, adipose-derived, and epidermal stem cell therapies improve the rate, functionality, cosmetic outcome, and long-term success of wound healing following burn injury in both animals and humans. These results support the use of stem-cell therapy as a beneficial treatment for burn injuries. A notable limitation of these studies was the use of reduced sample sizes. Future research should include clinical trials with greater sample sizes of human populations (n=30).
- Breedlove, A., Jambi, R., Nussbaumer, K., Wilkins, J., & Koziura, M. (2018, April 12). What is the effectiveness of essential oils on sleep as compared to traditional pharmacological methods, such as melatonin, in the elderly population? [Poster presentation]. Student Scholars Symposium, Nashville, TN. Abstract
Sleep is one of the most essential aspects to our overall health, yet elderly population seem to obtain the least amount. This literature review will discuss the effectiveness of aromatherapy as an intervention for insomnia in the elderly population compared to pharmacological methods such as Melatonin. Insomnia is often seen as a comorbidity to physiological and psychological diseases that present during the aging process, however, insomnia itself is not considered a normal process of aging. Older adults that experience insomnia are more likely to develop memory disorders, depression, a decreased quality of life, a higher risk for falls, and other physiological impairments. To determine the effectiveness of aromatherapy and melatonin as an aid for insomnia, research was derived from online databases CINAHL and PubMed Central (PMC). After critical appraisal of each study, it was determined that both melatonin and essential oils have a positive impact on insomnia in the elderly, however, they differ in mechanism of action and risk factors associated with each. In conclusion, a recommendation for further research would be to exclusively perform an experimental study directly comparing melatonin with aromatherapy as a sleep aid in the geriatric population.
- Castleman, E., Houston, B., Orr, M., Woosley, K., & Koziura, M. (2018, April 12). Therapies used for behavioral outbursts in autism spectrum disorders in children [Poster presentation]. Student Scholars Symposium, Nashville, TN. Abstract
Since 2000, the occurrence of autism in children in the United States has increased by 119.4 percent. This literature review evaluated the effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions used to decrease the occurrence of behavioral outbursts in children and adolescence, 18 years and younger, with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). To determine the effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions for the behavioral outbursts, review of the literature conducted using the academic database CINAHL, using the keywords, behavioral “interventions” and “autism spectrum disorder in children”. Autism spectrum disorders are defined by a deficiency in social requite and communication as well as by restricting social behaviors. It is common for all children and adolescence with ASD to experience anxiety, tantrums and hostility towards others. Within this age group, the most common behavioral issues observed were sleep, temper, hyperactivity, aggression, eating, and sensory. The studies read focused on musical therapy as the main intervention for behavioral outbursts in children and adolescence with ASD. The studies reviewed compared the decrease of behavioral outbursts from musical therapy to other interventions such as: theater therapy, pet therapy, art therapy, and movement therapy. The results of our literature review concluded that no single therapy alone decreases the occurrence of behavioral outbursts in children and adolescence with autism spectrum disorder. Due to the extraneous variables present in the research, further studies should be conducted on more precise sample groups.
- Dresen, C. E., Jenkins, S. N., Rickman, A. E., Young, K. M., & Koziura, M. (2018, April 12). What interventions have been implemented to help reduce workplace bullying targeting new graduate nurses? [Poster presentation]. Student Scholars Symposium, Nashville, TN. Abstract
As of 2024 there will be a predicted shortage of 1.09 million registered nurses. With the growing baby boomer population, more hospitalizations than ever, and an aging workforce, hospital administration is working to increase employment and retention rates. Preventing these efforts is the growing incidents of workplace bullying towards new graduate nurses. Workplace bullying is any form of violent or hostile language, actions, or gestures targeted at another employee that affects their self-esteem, feelings of safety, or work ethic (Rocker, 2008, para. 5). Therefore, in order to determine the effects of workplace bullying, CINAHL database was accessed to review and compare studies based on new graduate nurses, workplace bullying, depression, nurse aggression, retention rates, patient care, education, and interventions. From these studies, data shows that these nurses are more likely to leave their positions, have decreased quality of patient care, and experience higher rates of depression. All of these contribute to the growing nursing shortage in the United States and abroad. Many studies have established that workplace bullying in the nursing field is a problem; however, less research has been done to implement effective coping techniques. The current research available has shown success with online education and transitional support programs. This literature review found that more research needs to be done on strategies to reduce or help cope with workplace bullying.
- Evans, J., Faulkner, J., Jones, M., Roberts-Louria, S., & Weber, J. (2018, April 12). Prenatal cocaine exposure: effects on childhood development [Poster presentation]. Student Scholars Symposium, Nashville, TN. Abstract
It is estimated that “up to 1 million infants areexposed in utero to licit and/or illicit drugs each year”. Due to this growing problem, the evaluation of whether children who have been exposed to cocaine in utero are at an increased risk for delays, and/or disabilities, in their cognitive, social, and behavioral development compared with children without prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) during childhood through adolescents. Online databases CINHAL and Google Scholar were utilized using key words “cocaine”, “prenatal exposure”, and “development” to locate primary research articles for this literature review. Through synthesis of current literature, it was determined that PCE had implications on internal and external functioning, executive functioning, as well as small, but lasting effects on language skills. However, it has proven difficult to measure the significance of PCE because these children often have multiple biological and environmental factors that negatively impact their development. It is recommended that nurses be aware of, and receive specific training regarding the additional support and resources that this population may require.
- Felix, E., Griesen, K., Lewman, M. K., Sarrett, R. K., & Weber, J. (2018, April 12). Does the education of concussions in athletes affect the self-reporting of concussive symptoms? [Poster presentation]. Student Scholars Symposium, Nashville, TN. Abstract
There are approximately 1.6 to 3.8 million concussions each year in the United States related to sport participation. However, only 40 percent of concussions were reported to a healthcare professional or coach. The risk for underreporting concussive symptoms can lead to severe health consequences like compounded neuropathophysiologic impairment and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. There is an assumption in current research that increasing athletes’ knowledge of concussive symptoms and consequences will result in an increase in concussion reporting. There is little research on this relationship. The online resources Academic OneFile, EBSCO Host, and ScienceDirect were used to appraise original research to examine if the education of concussions in athletes affects the self-reporting of concussive symptoms. The keywords searched were “sports concussion protocols,” “concussive symptom underreporting,” and “traumatic brain injury laws.” The results were limited by peer-reviewed, full texts from the years 2008 to 2018. Synthesis of current research revealed that athletes reported fewer symptoms to their athletic trainers compared to symptoms reported to researchers in a confidential setting. There was no difference in self-reported concussive symptoms between cleared and non-cleared athletes. Athletes were able to list most concussion symptoms, including long-term consequences. However, when athletes were given scenarios including concussive symptoms, no group of athletes stated they would stop playing. There is a cognitive dissonance between athletes’ concussion knowledge and their reporting behaviors. More research is needed on effective behavior modification in concussive symptom reporting.
- Gardner, M., Lillicrap, M. M., Martin, A., Sentell, F., & Weber, J. (2018, April 12). What is the effect of a vegan diet on the development of a child conception through age 6 as compared to an omnivorous diet? [Poster presentation]. Student Scholars Symposium, Nashville, TN. Abstract
The vegan diet has had an increase in popularity during the last several years; with its rise in popularity, it is important to take a look at how this diet affects the neurological and physical development of children from conception to age six. A literature review was conducted to evaluate research in order to determine how a diet lacking animal meat and products affects the neurological and physical development of a child. The research database CINHAL Complete was used to research the effects of a vegan diet on children. Chosen keywords used to search research articles in CINHAL Complete included: “vegan diet and development”, “soy-based formula”, “preschool children and vegan”, “children and vegan diet”, and “vegan diet and pregnancy”. After synthesizing current research, without supplementation and meticulous planning to ensure a variety of nutrients are consumed, a vegan diet can have detrimental effects including neurological deficits and deficiencies in vitamin B6 and B12, calcium, iron, and incomplete protein count. However, with appropriate supplementation and meticulous planning of a vegan diet in children up to age six, there is little difference in neurological and physical development between a vegan and an omnivorous diet. At this time, more research is needed to determine the long-term effects of a vegan diet on early childhood development.
- Gilson, C., Guthrie, S., Petry, B., Watson, S., & Weber, J. (2018, April 12). What is the effect of essential oils on the amount of pain medication consumed by hospitalized patients, compared to a patient not using essential oils? [Poster presentation]. Student Scholars Symposium, Nashville, TN. Abstract
Our society is full of "trendy" topics, including the now popular phenomena of using essential oils to treat ailments such as an everyday headache. But, can an oil really work to relieve pain? A literature review was performed to investigate the impact on the need for pharmacological interventions when the patient is also using essential oils to treat pain. Using the research database, CINAHL, evidence was gathered using the keywords "essential oils," "pain," "pain management," "hospitalized patient," and "in-patient." The patients in the selected studies were being treated for different illnesses and pain in many different hospital settings. The settings ranged from postoperative, hematology, labor and delivery, as well as critical and emergency care. Studies reflected that hospitalized patients who were administered essential oils alongside analgesics reported a decrease in pain. Therefore, these patients required a lesser dosage of analgesic compared to those who did not have adjunct essential oils or were given a placebo oil. Although the side effects of using essential oils consist of skin irritation and inflammation, allergic reaction, and sun sensitivity, essential oils have fewer side effects than conventional pharmacological treatments. In conclusion, the results of the studies showed that the use of essential oils reduced the quantity of analgesic needed, as well as increased patients' satisfaction with care. The recommendation as a result of the study findings is to continue using essential oils for the treatment of pain in the hospital setting.
- Guirgis, J., McCormick, A., Smith, J., Victory, S., & Weber, J. (2018, April 12). What is the risk of autism in children who receive the MMR vaccine compared to children who do not receive the MMR vaccine? [Poster presentation]. Student Scholars Symposium, Nashville, TN. Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a disorder that effects many neurodevelopmental factors such as social interaction, communication skills, and repetitive behaviors. This causes lifelong difficulties in developing independence into adulthood. Because the etiology of ASD is still largely unknown, there has been a growing skepticism among parents that the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine could increase the risk of further regressing or developing ASD. This view that vaccines and ASD are related dates all the way back to the controversial 1999 Wakefield study claiming a link between the two. Research data was analyzed to determine if there was a correlation between the prevalence of MMR vaccination and ASD diagnoses. Research was conducted on CINAHL using keywords such as "autism", and "MMR risks and benefits". After reviewing and comparing the literature, it was determined that there is no significant evidence of an association between ASD onset and the MMR vaccine. In addition, it was found that there was no significant change in ASD regression in vaccinated versus non vaccinated children. Recommendations for further research include conducting studies with a larger sample, as well as studies focusing on an ASD correlation with additional vaccines. Additionally, there is a need for continued study of the biological makeup of the MMR vaccine in order to prevent further patient complications.
- Hampton, H., Mincher, S., Altrock, J., White, W., & Koziura, M. (2018, April 12). Influenza vaccine in asthmatic children [Poster presentation]. Student Scholars Symposium, Nashville, TN. Abstract
Since October 1, 2017, the influenza virus has killed 97 pediatric patients in America. Patients age 5 to 12 years old with asthma are immunocompromised, putting them at a much higher risk of contracting the influenza virus. “Influenza causes more hospitalizations and deaths in children and adults than any other vaccine preventable disease in the US” (Piedra, 2013). In recent years, vaccination rates against the influenza virus continue to fall short of the Healthy People 2020 goal of 80% for vaccination of Americans (Shaikh & Byrd, 2016). We critically appraised data supporting both vaccinated and unvaccinated children with asthma. A literature review was done using the research databases EbscoHost and CINAHL Complete to find appropriate journals and studies applicable to the topic of interest. The key phrases “asthma,” “influenza,” “influenza vaccine,” “school-aged children,” and “preventable diseases” were used in the advanced search system to identify articles for review. In summary, the chosen articles support the stance that the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is more effective than the inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) in preventing the influenza virus. The LAIV is contraindicated in children with asthma due to adverse reactions from the introduction to the live virus. We conclude that the IIV is effective in preventing influenza infection and reducing asthma attacks in school-aged children. We recommend a longitudinal study comparing and contrasting the effects of the IIV in asthmatic versus healthy children.
- Hunter, R., Collins, H., Pennington, K., Yalew, N., Hines, H., & Weber, J. (2018, April 12). How much do cell phones contribute to the spread of communicable diseases in the college setting? [Poster presentation]. Student Scholars Symposium, Nashville, TN. Abstract
Hand hygiene is important after regular events such as restroom use, playing outside, sneezing, or before eating a meal; yet, how common is it for someone to wash his or her hands after use of a cell phone? Is there an effective way to disinfect a cell phone? A cell phone touches many surfaces a typical hygienic person would never touch. How much do cell phones contribute to the spread of communicable diseases in the college setting? The purpose of this literature review is to find the extent of contamination, the types of microorganisms, and effective disinfectants of which have been evaluated by different studies. The research generator CINAHL and the searches “cell phone” and “communicable disease” were used to find research articles relevant to undergraduate students. The sources of original research were found in multiple countries and parameters were extended to a typical college campus. After synthesizing the literature, it has been determined that cell phones are a vector for multiple bacteria leading to infectious diseases. Research has shown that some disinfectant methods are more effective than others, but without proper hygiene education, recontamination will occur. Due to gaps found in the literature, it is recommended that future research includes effective and convenient ways to consistently disinfect a cell phone.
- Jenkins, C., Mckinny, V., Cowan, C., Yotter, K., & Koziura, M. (2018, April 12). In preterm infants, what are the effects on morbidity of using skin-to-skin contact with their mothers as compared to using polyethene wrap within the first week of life [Poster presentation]. Student Scholars Symposium, Nashville, TN. Abstract
Hypothermia is one of many reasons that contribute to a neonate’s mortality. During this time, neonates are more susceptible to infectious diseases and hypothermia. Being at an increased risk for complications puts neonates at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. In a study, kangaroo care, an intervention performed at birth that promotes skin-to-skin contact has physiologic benefits between a baby and his/her mother, as compared to the use of polyethylene. In 2016, 10% of the babies born in the United States were considered preterm, within that sample of 10%, 28% perished. This study searched for a positive correlation between mortality and the technique used to care for the infant after birth. The major keywords used to find results included: "polyethylene and preterm neonates," "skin-to-skin contact," and "kangaroo care." Limitations included in this literature review were finding results for neonates in developed countries. After critical appraisal of the literature, it was found that skin-to-skin contact method is more beneficial for a preterm infant. Although there are benefits to the use of polyethylene in wrapping the baby after birth, kangaroo care has been shown to benefit the survival rate of a neonate. There is a correlation between infants who receive skin-to-skin contact with their mothers in the first week of life and decreased morbidity rates.
- Knox, S., Martin, H., Romero, T., Trovillion, E., & Weber, J. (2018, April 12). What is the impact of skin-to-skin contact between mothers and babies within the first year of life on bonding, trust, emotional stability, and postpartum depression compared to mothers and babies who do not use skin-to-skin contact? [Poster presentation]. Student Scholars Symposium, Nashville, TN. Abstract
Skin to skin contact between mothers and babies after birth is essential for the baby’s shocking transition from the womb into the world. From the mother’s warm, cozy belly to the big, loud world, the change of scenery can be overwhelming and may adversely affect the infant’s well-being. In this literature review, research findings, from original studies that evaluate the impact of skin to skin contact on infants within the first year of life, are analyzed. Skin to skin contact is a therapeutic technique used by the mother and infant soon after birth to achieve several benefits. In order for it to be considered skin to skin contact, there must not be any barriers between the mother’s skin and the baby’s skin including, but not limited to, clothing, sheets, and blankets. Original research articles were examined from the CINAHL Complete database to research the advantages associated with the skin to skin contact. To narrow our results, keywords such as “skin to skin contact,” “infants,” “attachment,” and “relationship” were used. The results were also limited to studies performed from 2008 to 2018. After appraising these studies, it was concluded that skin to skin contact improves bonding between mothers and babies, reduces the baby’s stress, and promotes breastfeeding within the first hour of life. Therefore, based on these findings, skin to skin contact is essential for infants and should be implemented in every hospital.